The Impact of Sustainable Exercise and the Number of Pregnancies on Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, and Assertiveness Levels in Pregnant Women

This study examined the variations in self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness levels among pregnant women engaging sustainable exercise compared to those performing no physical activity. The also explored connection between these changes number of pregnancies. sample included 220 210 Sustainable exercisers were chosen from engaged activity for at least 30 min, twice a week. participants fourth seventh month their pregnancy. A simple random sampling technique was used choose total 430 volunteered participate study. mean age 31.45 ± 12.11 years. Data collection tools Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). In data analysis, impact independent variables on evaluated by one-way ANOVA groups more than two, t-test paired groups, relationship some scales correlation, descriptive features shown as percentages. cases where variance analyses significant 0.05 (p < 0.05), Tukey’s test post hoc test. study’s results indicated disparity self-efficacy self-esteem scores who not. However, there difference two terms levels. differed significantly respect pregnancies exercising women. differences did not exercise.